(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
Sequential excerpts (including footnotes) from ‘The Dawn-Breakers’ by Nabil-i-‘Azam, translated and edited by Shoghi Effendi
October 31, 2019
Birth of the Báb
The Báb, whose name was Siyyid ‘Alí-Muhammad, was born in
the city of Shíráz, on the first day of Muharram, in the year 1235 A.H.
[October 20, 1819] He belonged to a house which was renowned for its nobility
and which traced its origin to Muhammad Himself. The date of His birth
confirmed the truth of the prophecy traditionally attributed to the Imám ‘Alí:
“I am two years younger than my Lord.” … In His early childhood He lost His
father, Siyyid Muhammad-Riḍá, a man who was known throughout the province of
Fárs for his piety and virtue, and was held in high esteem and honour. Both His
father and His mother were descendants of the Prophet, both were loved and
respected by the people. He was reared by His maternal uncle, Hájí Mírzá Siyyid
‘Alí, a martyr to the Faith, who placed Him, while still a child, under the
care of a tutor named Shaykh Abid. The Báb, though not inclined to study,
submitted to His uncle’s will and directions.
October 30, 2019
Father of Quddús
October 29, 2019
Quddús
The acceptance by Quddús of the truth of the Báb’s
Revelation completed the assigned number of His chose disciples. Quddús, whose
name was Muhammad-‘Alí, was, through his mother, a direct descendant of the
Imám Hasan, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. He was born in Barfurúsh, in the province of
Mázindarán. It has been reported by those who attended the lectures of Siyyid
Kázim that in the last years of the latter’ life, Quddús enrolled himself as
one of the Siyyid’s disciples. He was the last to arrive, and invariably
occupied the lowliest seat in the assembly. He was the first to depart upon the
conclusion of every meeting. The silence he observed and the modesty of his
behaviour distinguished him from the rest of his companions. Siyyid Kázim was
often heard to remark that certain ones among his disciples, though they
occupied the lowliest of seats, and observed the strictest silence, were none
the less so exalted in the sight of God that he himself felt unworthy to rank
among their servants. His disciples, although they observed the humility of
Quddús and acknowledged the exemplary character of his behaviour, remained
unaware of the purpose of Siyyid Kázim. When Quddús arrived in Shíráz and
embraced the Faith declared by the Báb, he was only twenty-two years of age.
Though young in years, he showed that indomitable courage and faith which none
among the disciples of his master could exceed. He exemplified by his life and
glorious martyrdom the truth of this tradition: “Whoso seeketh Me, shall find
Me. Whoso findeth Me, shall be drawn towards Me. Whoso draweth nigh unto Me,
shall love Me. Whoso loveth Me, him shall I also love. He who is beloved of Me,
him shall I slay. He who is slain by Me, I Myself shall be his ransom.”
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 28, 2019
Daily spiritual and physical communion between Letters of the Living and the Báb and Baha’u’llah, and between Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kázim with the Báb and Baha’u’llah
Though distant in body, these heroic souls [Letters of the
Living] are engaged in daily communion with their Beloved, partake of the
bounty of His utterance, and share the supreme privilege of His companionship.
Otherwise how could Shaykh Aḥmad and Siyyid Kázim have known of the Báb? How
could they have perceived the significance of the secret which lay hidden in
Him? How could the Báb Himself, how could Quddús, His beloved disciple, have
written in such terms, had not the mystic bond of the spirit linked their souls
together? Did not the Báb, in the earliest days of His Mission, allude, in the
opening passages of the Qayyúmu’l-Asmá, His commentary on the Súrih of Joseph,
to the glory and significance of the Revelation of Bahá’u’lláh? Was it not His
purpose, by dwelling upon the ingratitude and malice which characterised the
treatment of Joseph by his brethren, to predict what Bahá’u’lláh was destined
to suffer at the hands of His brother and kindred? Was not Quddús, although
besieged within the fort of Shaykh Tabarsí by the battalions and fire of a
relentless enemy, engaged, both in the daytime and in the night-season, in the
completion of his eulogy of Bahá’u’lláh—that immortal commentary on the Sád of
Samad which had already assumed the dimensions of five hundred thousand verses?
Every verse of the Qayyúmu’l-Asmá, every word of the aforementioned commentary
of Quddús, will, if dispassionately examined, bear eloquent testimony to this
truth.
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 27, 2019
Islamic tradition concerning knowledge and its tremendous release when the Qá’im appears – Baha’u’llah confirms
“It is related in the ‘Biháru’l-Anvar,’ the ‘Aválím,’ and
the ‘Yanbú” of Ṣádiq, son of Muḥammad, that he spoke these words: ‘Knowledge is
seven and twenty letters. All that the Prophets have revealed are two letters
thereof. None thus far hath known any besides these two letters. But when the
Qá’im shall arise, He will cause the remaining five and twenty letters to be
made manifest.’ Consider: he hath declared Knowledge to consist of seven and
twenty letters, and regarded all the Prophets, from Adam even unto the ‘Seal,’
as Expounders of only two letters thereof, and as having been sent down with these
two letters. He also saith that the Qá’im will reveal all the remaining five
and twenty letters. Behold from this utterance how great and lofty is His
station. His rank excelleth that of all the Prophets, and His Revelation
transcendeth the comprehension and understanding of all their chosen ones.”
- Baha’u’llah ('The Kitáb-i-Íqán,'; footnotes to chapter 3 provided by Shoghi
Effendi)
October 26, 2019
Quddus, the 18th Letter of the Living, recognized the Báb by “His gait”
The next day, in the evening hour, as the Báb, followed by
Mullá Husayn, was returning to His home, there appeared a youth dishevelled and
travel-stained. He approached Mullá Husayn, embraced him, and asked him whether
he had attained his goal. Mullá Husayn tried at first to calm his agitation and
advised him to rest for the moment, promising that he would subsequently
enlighten him. That youth, however, refused to heed his advice. Fixing his gaze
upon the Báb, he said to Mullá Husayn: “Why seek you to hide Him from me? I can
recognise Him by His gait. I confidently testify that none besides Him, whether
in the East or in the West, can claim to be the Truth. None other can manifest
the power and majesty that radiate from His holy person.” Mullá Husayn
marvelled at his words. He pleaded to be excused, however, and induced him to
restrain his feelings until such time as he would be able to acquaint him with the
truth. Leaving him, he hastened to join the Báb, and informed Him of his
conversation with that youth. “Marvel not,” observed the Báb, “at his strange
behaviour. We have in the world of the spirit been communing with that youth.
We know him already. We indeed awaited his coming. Go to him and summon him
forthwith to Our presence.” Mullá Husayn was instantly reminded by these words
of the Báb of the following traditional utterance: “On the last Day, the Men of
the Unseen shall, on the wings of the spirit, traverse the immensity of the
earth, shall attain the presence of the promised Qá’im, and shall seek from Him
the secret that will resolve their problems and remove their perplexities.”
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 25, 2019
The Báb foretold the appearance of the 18th, the last Letter of the Living
One night, in the course of His conversation with Mullá
Husayn; the Báb spoke these words:
“Seventeen Letters have thus far enlisted under the standard
of the Faith of God. There remains one more to complete the number. These
Letters of the Living shall arise to proclaim My Cause and to establish My
Faith. To-morrow night the remaining Letter will arrive and will complete the
number of My chosen disciples.”
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 24, 2019
October 23, 2019
The creation of the “Letters of the Living”: “the chosen Apostles of the Báb, the ministers of His Faith, and the diffusers of His light.”
Each of the twelve companions of Mullá ‘Alí, in his turn and
by his own unaided efforts, sought and found his Beloved. Some in sleep, others
in waking, a few whilst in prayer, and still others in their moments of
contemplation, experienced the light of this Divine Revelation and were led to
recognise the power of its glory. After the manner of Mullá ‘Alí, these, and a
few others, accompanied by Mullá Husayn, attained the presence of the Báb and
were declared “Letters of the Living.” Seventeen Letters were gradually
enrolled in the preserved Tablet of God, and were appointed as the chosen
Apostles of the Báb, the ministers of His Faith, and the diffusers of His
light.
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 22, 2019
Mullá ‘Alíy-i-Bastamí becomes the second person to recognize the Báb as the Promised One
That very morning, at break of day, Mullá Husayn, followed
by Mullá ‘Alí, hastened to the residence of the Báb. At the entrance of His
house they met the faithful Ethiopian servant, who immediately recognised them
and greeted them in these words: “Ere break of day, I was summoned to the
presence of my Master, who instructed me to open the door of the house and to
stand expectant at its threshold. ‘Two guests,’ He said, ‘are to arrive early
this morning. Extend to them in My name a warm welcome. Say to them from Me:
“Enter therein in the name of God.”’”
The first meeting of Mullá ‘Alí with the Báb, which was
analogous to the meeting with Mullá Husayn, differed only in this respect, that
whereas at the previous meeting the proofs and testimonies of the Báb’s mission
had been critically scrutinised and expounded, at this one all argument had
been set aside and nothing but the spirit of intense adoration and of close and
ardent fellowship prevailed. The entire chamber seemed to have been vitalised
by that celestial potency which emanated from His inspired utterance.
Everything in that room seemed to be vibrating with this testimony: “Verily,
verily, the dawn of a new Day has broken. The promised One is enthroned in the
hearts of men. In His hand He holds the mystic cup, the chalice of immortality.
Blessed are they who drink therefrom!”
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 21, 2019
Mullá ‘Alíy-i-Bastamí received his spiritual confirmation on the third night of his retirement
On the third night of his retirement, whilst wrapt in
prayer, Mullá ‘Alíy-i-Bastamí had a vision. There appeared before his eyes a
light, and, lo! that light moved off before him. Allured by its splendour, he
followed it, till at last it led him to his promised Beloved. At that very
hour, in the mid-watches of the night, he arose and, exultant with joy and
radiant with gladness, opened the door of his chamber and hastened to Mullá
Husayn. He threw himself into the arms of his revered companion. Mullá Husayn
most lovingly embraced him and said: “Praise be to God who hath guided us
hither! We had not been guided had not God guided us!”
(Chapter 3, ‘The
Dawn-Breakers’)
October 20, 2019
The newly arrived companions of Mulla Husayn began their individual spiritual preparations to receive divine guidance to recognize the Báb
Mullá ‘Alí hastened to his companions and acquainted them
with the nature of his conversation with Mullá Husayn. Ablaze with the fire
which the account of that conversation had kindled in their hearts, they
immediately dispersed, and, seeking the seclusion of their cells, besought,
through fasting and prayer, the early removal of the veil that intervened
between them and the recognition of their Beloved. They prayed while keeping
their vigils: “O God, our God! Thee only do we worship, and to Thee do we cry
for help. Guide us, we beseech Thee, on the straight Path, O Lord our God!
Fulfil what Thou hast promised unto us by Thine Apostles, and put us not to
shame on the Day of Resurrection. Verily, Thou wilt not break Thy promise.”
(Chapter 3, ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 19, 2019
Mullá ‘Alíy-i-Bastamí , the spokesman of the newly arrived companions of Mulla Husayn, notices the change in Mulla Husayn’s demeanour
"'One night, a few days after their arrival, Mullá ‘Alí, as
the spokesman of his companions, gave vent to feelings which he could no longer
repress. “You know well,” he said, “how great is our confidence in you. We bear
you such loyalty that if you should claim to be the promised Qá’im we would all
unhesitatingly submit. Obedient to your summons, we have forsaken our homes and
have gone forth in search of our promised Beloved. You were the first to set us
all this noble example. We have followed in your footsteps. We have determined
not to relax in our efforts until we find the Object of our quest. We have
followed you to this place, ready to acknowledge whomsoever you accept, in the
hope of seeking the shelter of His protection and of passing successfully
through the tumult and agitation that must needs signalise the last Hour. How
is it that we now see you teaching the people and conducting their prayers and
devotions with the utmost tranquillity? Those evidences of agitation and
expectancy seem to have vanished from your countenance. Tell us, we beseech
you, the reason, that we too may be delivered from our present state of
suspense and doubt.”
October 18, 2019
As foretold by the Báb thirteen companions of Mulla Husayn arrived in Shiraz
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by
Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 17, 2019
It appears that it took 40 days until all 18 Letters of the Living found the Báb
“Understand in the same way the beginning of the
manifestation of the Bayán during forty days no one but the letter Síná
believed in B. It was only, little by little, that the
Bismi’lláhu’l-Amná’u’l-Aqdas clothed themselves with the garment of faith until
finally the Primal Unity was completed. Witness then how it has increased until
our day.” (“Le Bayán Persan,” vol. 4, p. 119.)
- The Báb (Quoted by A. L. M.
Nicolas in his translation of Persian
Bayán to French; footnotes to chapter 3 provided by Shoghi Effendi)
October 16, 2019
The arrival of thirteen companions of Mulla Husayn
In the course of one of these nightly visits, [with the Báb]
my Host [the Báb] addressed me [Mulla Husayn] in these words:
“To-morrow thirteen of your companions will arrive. To each
of them extend the utmost loving-kindness. Leave them not to themselves, for
they have dedicated their lives to the quest of their Beloved. Pray to God that
He may graciously enable them to walk securely in that path which is finer than
a hair and keener than a sword. Certain ones among them will be accounted, in
the sight of God, as His chosen and favoured disciples. As to others, they will
tread the middle way. The fate of the rest will remain undeclared until the
hour when all that is hidden shall be made manifest.”
- Mulla Husayn, (Quoting The Báb, chapter 3 of ‘The
Dawn-Breakers’)
October 15, 2019
Mulla Husayn was summoned by the Báb to visit Him on several occasions
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by
Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 14, 2019
Mulla Husayn organized his classes and received many ecclesiastical dignitaries and officials of Shiraz
A large number of the followers of Shaykh Ahmad, who had
heard of my arrival, had gathered in the Masjid-i-Ílkhání to meet me. Faithful
to the directions of my newly found Beloved, I immediately set myself to carry
out His wishes. As I began to organise my classes and perform my devotions, a
vast concourse of people gathered gradually about me. Ecclesiastical
dignitaries and officials of the city also came to visit me. They marvelled at
the spirit which my lectures revealed, unaware that the Source whence my
knowledge flowed was none other than He whose advent they, for the most part,
were eagerly awaiting.’”
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The
Dawn-Breakers’)
October 13, 2019
The immediate impact of the Revelation on Mulla Husayn
“‘This Revelation, so suddenly and impetuously thrust upon
me, came as a thunderbolt which, for a time, seemed to have benumbed my
faculties. I was blinded by its dazzling
splendour and overwhelmed by its crushing force. Excitement, joy, awe, and
wonder stirred the depths of my soul. Predominant among these emotions was a
sense of gladness and strength which seemed to have transfigured me. How feeble
and impotent, how dejected and timid, I had felt previously! Then I could
neither write nor walk, so tremulous were my hands and feet. Now, however, the
knowledge of His Revelation had galvanised my being. I felt possessed of such
courage and power that were the world, all its peoples and its potentates, to
rise against me, I would, alone and undaunted, withstand their onslaught. The
universe seemed but a handful of dust in my grasp. I seemed to be the Voice of
Gabriel personified, calling unto all mankind: “Awake, for lo! the morning
Light has broken. Arise, for His Cause is made manifest. The portal of His
grace is open wide; enter therein, O peoples of the world! For He who is your
promised One is come!”
“‘In such a state I left His house and joined my brother and
nephew.'"
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 12, 2019
The Báb’s Writings gradually attracted more enthusiastic admirers
“In the first of his books he was, above all, pious and
mystical; in the second, polemics and dialectics held an important place, and
his listeners noticed that he unfolded, from a chapter in the Book of God which
he had chosen, a new meaning which no one had heretofore perceived and
especially that he drew from it doctrines and information wholly unexpected.
That which one never tired of admiring was the elegance and beauty of the
Arabic style used in those writings. They soon had enthusiastic admirers who
did not fear to prefer them to the finest passages in the Qur’án.” (Comte de
Gobineau’s “Les Religions et les Philosophies dans l’Asie Centrale,” p. 120.)
(Footnotes to chapter 3 provided by Shoghi Effendi)
October 11, 2019
October 10, 2019
The Báb announced to Mulla Husayn: “I am the Báb, the Gate of God, and thou art the Bábu’l-Báb, the gate of that Gate.”
“‘He [the Báb] then addressed me in these words:
“O thou who art the first to believe in Me! Verily I say, I
am the Báb, the Gate of God, and thou art the Bábu’l-Báb, the gate of that
Gate. Eighteen souls must, in the beginning, spontaneously and of their own
accord, accept Me and recognise the truth of My Revelation. Unwarned and
uninvited, each of these must seek independently to find Me. And when their
number is complete, one of them must needs be chosen to accompany Me on My
pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. There I shall deliver the Message of God to the
Sharíf of Mecca. I then shall return to Kúfih, where again, in the Masjid of
that holy city, I shall manifest His Cause. It is incumbent upon you not to
divulge, either to your companions or to any other soul, that which you have
seen and heard. Be engaged in the Masjid-i-Ílkhání in prayer and in teaching.
I, too, will there join you in congregational prayer. Beware lest your attitude
towards Me betray the secret of your faith. You should continue in this
occupation and maintain this attitude until our departure for Ḥijáz. Ere we
depart, we shall appoint unto each of the eighteen souls his special mission,
and shall send them forth to accomplish their task. We shall instruct them to
teach the Word of God and to quicken the souls of men.”
"'Having spoken these words to me, He dismissed me from His
presence. Accompanying me to the door of the house, He committed me to the care
of God.’”
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 9, 2019
Mulla Husayn’s state of ecstasy while in the presence of the Báb
“‘I sat spellbound by His utterance, oblivious of time and
of those who awaited me. Suddenly the call of the muadhdhín, summoning the
faithful to their morning prayer, awakened me from the state of ecstasy into
which I seemed to have fallen. All the delights, all the ineffable glories,
which the Almighty has recounted in His Book as the priceless possessions of
the people of Paradise—these I seemed to be experiencing that night. Methinks I
was in a place of which it could be truly said: “Therein no toil shall reach
us, and therein no weariness shall touch us”; “No vain discourse shall they
hear therein, nor any falsehood, but only the cry, ‘Peace! Peace!’”; “Their cry
therein shall be, ‘Glory be to Thee, O God!’ and their salutation therein,
‘Peace!’ And the close of their cry, ‘Praise be to God, Lord of all
creatures!’”
“‘Sleep had departed from me that night. I was enthralled by
the music of that voice which rose and fell as He chanted; now swelling forth
as He revealed verses of the Qayyúmu’l-Asmá,
again acquiring ethereal, subtle harmonies as He uttered the prayers He
was revealing. At the end of each
invocation, He would repeat this verse: “Far from the glory of thy Lord, the
All-Glorious, be that which His creatures affirm of Him! And peace be upon His
Messengers! And praise be to God, the Lord of all beings!” [Qur’an 37:180]
- Mulla Husayn
(Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 8, 2019
Mulla Husayn’s fascination with the Báb’s quality of hospitality and His Ethiopian servant
“‘At the third hour after sunset, my Host ordered the dinner
to be served. That same Ethiopian servant appeared again and spread before us
the choicest food. That holy repast refreshed alike my body and soul. In the
presence of my Host, at that hour, I felt as though I were feeding upon the
fruits of Paradise. I could not but marvel at the manners and the devoted
attentions of that Ethiopian servant whose very life seemed to have been
transformed by the regenerating influence of his Master. I then, for the first
time, recognised the significance of this well-known traditional utterance
ascribed to Muhammad: “I have prepared for the godly and righteous among My
servants what eye hath seen not, ear heard not, nor human heart conceived.” Had
my youthful Host no other claim to greatness, this were sufficient—that He
received me with that quality of hospitality and loving-kindness which I was
convinced no other human being could possibly reveal.”’
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted
by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 7, 2019
The date the Báb received His Divine Mission
A. L. M. Nicolas quotes the following from the
Kitabu’l-Haramayn: “In truth, the first day that the Spirit descended in the
heart of this Slave was the fifteenth of the month of Rabí’u’l-Avval.” (A. L.
M. Nicolas’ “Siyyid ‘Alí-Muhammad dit le Báb,” p. 206.)
(Footnotes to chapter 3
of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’, provided by Shoghi Effendi)
October 6, 2019
The date of the Báb’s Declaration - from the Persian Bayan
The date of the Manifestation is fixed by the following
passage in the Persian Bayán (Vahíd 2, Báb 7): “The beginning thereof was when
two hours and eleven minutes [had passed] from the evening preceding the fifth
of Jamádiyu’l-Ula, 1260 [A.H.], which is the year 1270 of the mission [of
Muhammad].” (From manuscript copy of Bayán written by the hand of Siyyid
Husayn, amanuensis and companion of the Báb.)
(Footnotes to chapter 3, provided
by Shoghi Effendi)
October 5, 2019
The Báb discouraged Mulla Husayn from leaving until he was composed
At last I [Mulla Husayn] reluctantly arose from my seat and
begged leave to depart. He smilingly bade me be seated, and said: “If you leave
in such a state, whoever sees you will assuredly say: ‘This poor youth has lost
his mind.’” At that moment the clock registered two hours and eleven minutes
after sunset. That night, the eve of the
fifth day of Jamádiyu’l-Avval, in the year 1260 A.H., corresponded with the eve
preceding the sixty-fifth day after Naw-rúz, which was also the eve of the
sixth day of Khurdád, of the year Nahang. “This night,” He declared, “this very
hour will, in the days to come, be celebrated as one of the greatest and most
significant of all festivals. Render thanks to God for having graciously
assisted you to attain your heart’s desire, and for having quaffed from the
sealed wine of His utterance. ‘Well is it with them that attain thereunto.’”
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The
Dawn-Breakers’)
October 4, 2019
Before meeting the Báb Mulla Husayn had wondered about the significance of Súrih of Joseph in Qur’an
“Mullá Husayn is reported to have said the following: “One
day, when I was alone with the late Siyyid [Kázim] in his library, I enquired
the reason why the Suriy-i-Yúsúf was entitled in the Qur’án ‘the Best of
Stories,’ to which he replied that it was not then the proper occasion for
explaining the reason. This incident remained concealed in my mind, neither had
I mentioned it to anyone.”
(“The Taríkh-i-Jadíd,” p. 39.)
(Footnotes to chapter 3 included by Shoghi Effendi)
(Footnotes to chapter 3 included by Shoghi Effendi)
October 3, 2019
October 2, 2019
Mulla Husayn witnessed the Báb revealing a Tablet
- Mulla Husayn (Quoted by Nabil in chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
October 1, 2019
The Báb reminded Mulla Husayn: “It is for God to test His servants, and not for His servants to judge Him in accordance with their deficient standards.”
Had you not been My guest your position would indeed have
been a grievous one. The all-encompassing grace of God has saved you. It is for
God to test His servants, and not for His servants to judge Him in accordance
with their deficient standards. Were I to fail to resolve your perplexities,
could the Reality that shines within Me be regarded as powerless, or My
knowledge be accused as faulty? Nay, by the righteousness of God! it behoves,
in this day, the peoples and nations of both the East and the West to hasten to
this threshold, and here seek to obtain the reviving grace of the Merciful.
Whoso hesitates will indeed be in grievous loss. Do not the peoples of the
earth testify that the fundamental purpose of their creation is the knowledge
and adoration of God? It behoves them to arise, as earnestly and spontaneously
as you have arisen, and to seek with determination and constancy their promised
Beloved.
- The Báb (Quoted by Mulla Husayn, chapter 3 of ‘The Dawn-Breakers’)
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